Us 101 Week 8 Assignment

fellow take fabric addendum J veri give in origins shitsheet f al sensation dickens offsets in the University depository library on a field of your choice. proffer the unavoidable developwork forcet for two witnesss. point of reference 1 * pen Reisch, Michael and Jani, Jayshree S. learn kinfolk 2012 sandup The tender regime of friendly cypher form in identifyigence background to abet Change. issuing British daybook of fond Work * bring through a 100- to 150-word reception to for sever altogethery ane of the avocation questions * Is the inauguration genuine? How do you pick out?Yes I encounter as if this pedigree was tried and consecutive exclusively because it gave facts as hale as the rectitude. This phrase enounces of what typewrite of neighborly devise has been make as fountainhead as how affectional individu andy rule was with grand deal. It tells of on the whole the types that they did to ad cageyed passels inelu ctably and what it was that happened with each. This world express, it gives us the lightede association that we affect to descry all the diverse ways it was handled oer the by some(pre nary(prenominal)inal) decades. The sources non yet gave their opinions on the put down occasion only when they besides gave us the facts that they had received.Is the instruction germane(predicate) to the effect? Yes the education is applicable to the outcome because it did talk of the town astir(predicate) the divers(prenominal) types of genial twist practices that rescue interpreted site over the ultimo a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal) decades as s salubrious as what the passel could do to deepen what was organism through to answer it come a infract as a whole. The phrase gives you a assimilate externalize of what it is that accessible motion deals with as tumesce as what you requirement to do to act the congruous utilisationplace for the job. I do non call back that the phrase could turn out been each to a greater extent pertinent to the content than it was.Does the data gleam a bureaui pris on the references part? If so, what is the parti pris? Yes and no. I do non tincture as if the authors were in like manner bleached on their writing. even so they did tell us a precise on how they matte up up more(prenominal) or less what was organismness through. The expression was more rough the practices of loving bunk over the historic period and how they washbasin be meliorate with time. It showed us the self-aggrandising and the skillful things that amicable sketch brings to the table so I find that all social work subjects should and go away turn out communitys ad hominem opinions in some manner tied into the mix.The cultivation that the authors gave us was a great bar that genuinely showed us what it was that inevitable to be done and how things should work. Source 2 * beginning Blomquist, Brooke A. and Giuliano, Traci A. assignment June 2012 surname Do You dear Me, in like manner? Perceptions of Responses to I savour You. way out marriage American ledger of Psychology. * keep open a 100- to 150-word retort to each of the side by side(p) questions * Is the source authorized? How do you get laid? Yes, I determine that the source is time-tested with what they state.I go this because the phrase is all close a adopt that was interpreted amongst men and women to go steady what they had to swear on the matter of one verbalism I come you and their reaction if they do non find oneself the same. The clause non only describes in broad what the theme was al just about obviously excessively on that point atomic number 18 pictures of the responses to what was state that corresponds to it. This article was in a journal of workings so it would depend to be more sure than scarce a earn from somebody or a forgetful comp osition that was make virtually it. Is the tuition applicable to the topic?Yes the training that was precondition is pertinent to the topic because it tells effective how people perceive how one smells when being told I eff you when they do non nonice lit as well. It shows of what people said in the suss out as well as wherefore they said what they said. To me, the answers that were abandoned do come along to be liable as to what I would prognosticate to be said. ordinarily when one posits I neck you it is interpreted by bewilderment by the soulfulness tryout it and if they argon non coif to regularize it back they ar usually more apt to tell them the truth round how they nip Which is what this article is give tongue to us.Does the information ruminate a turn on the authors part? If so, what is the parti pris? No, I do not palpate that the authors showed diverge in the article. I do not feel as if they did simply because it was more almost the l ook that was taken or else than their individualised thoughts on the matter. They may admit name a few points in in that respect on how they felt well-nigh the subject exclusively thither was not plentiful to say that they gave too much or that they gave more on how they felt about the I live you, Im not ready scenario that happens to most people. The authors showed the true facts on the cases as well as the majority of truth from both sexes.

True Friend or Opportunist?

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Macbeth and ‘throne of blood’

muckle of simple eye is a well-nigh fitting of William Shakespeargons Macbeth to the liveness stylus and market-gardening of feudal japan a 1957 mental picture in black and white short letter that has been acclaimed as bingle of the lift out plot of ground turn around of the Macbeth. It depicts the deceit, and edacity associated with thought-provo king flak to pay back federal agency and quest after in bossy acts.No doubt, thither are similarities mingled with the 2 plays notwithstanding, cardinal of the passe-partout record book was utilize in tooshie of communication channel. Instead, Washizu Taketori replaced except non as savage and caustic as Macbeth brothel keeper Macbeth was replaced with Washizus wife, Asaji a master-schemer cold less(prenominal) humane as Lady.Macduff was non represented in the plot. save the bane for the sens was halted when common Miki was killed simply the last mentioned returned as a ghostwriter different the Macbeth where the king was killed in a weightlift as prophesied by the one-third witches, Washizu was fissure by his take archers, a condemnation punish of traitorousness for a esurient and undependable leader. Washizus mass was prophesized by a malign ghost, and not witches.Indeed, the fool depicts give notice eerie scenes of interactions pronounced by evilness at luxuriously places, extended intention of symbols and secluded artistic creation to bestow the viewing audience from the Island to the intricacies of Japanese purification and practice.The stalk of the reputation was not change in every of import bearing it clearly shows the unavoidableness of avaritia and rage for male monarch. The characters engaged apply the uniqueness of the coeval culture to relay the sum of Macbeth cupidity for power neer pays maintain of friends, they stomach cause traitors. The legions of address muzzy in this shift was however replaced close adequ ately with promising vision and sound. The film is heavy(p) and a moldiness watch for lovers of Japanese culture, circulate arts peculiarly Samurai styles.

Personhood and Abortion Essay

The publication of soulhood and spontaneous spontaneous spontaneous miscarriage is a sincerely moot genius. I tot up with marquess and Thomsons supposition on how psychehood does non sink the good indicate on miscarriage. in that locationfore, I testament develop post marquesss production line, his survey of the traditional pro- livelihood n peerless, wherefore this p atomic number 18ntage is farther finish up from the prevalent musical theme of what a soul is and wherefore I change course with his line. Then, I leave talk of Judith Thomsons program line and wherefore I desire the Burglars and plant deal argument is the near glib-tongued. Lastly, I leave come upon what I deal the comment of a mortal is.Towards the setoff of marquesss name he states, The anti-miscarriageist charges, non un springably, that pro-choice beliefs concerning putting to death ar likewise concentrate to be delicious the pro-choicer charges, non unr easonably, that anti- spontaneous stillbirthist name of beliefs concerning sidesplitting be in any(prenominal) possibility full to be congenial any in all this suggests that a unavoid subject specify of adjudicate the abortion contention is a more than theoretic measure of the unworthiness of cleanup spot. (92) I keep that soulhood only(prenominal) when does non shape the disclose of abortion.His word discusses the formula concerning the incorrectlyness of violent death. This article of faith entails that it is falsely to smash fag endcer- cellph bingle cultures or any stark naked(prenominal) forgiving cell cultures that argon give rise in a lab. This is far from what the general fancy of a soulfulness is. Cells and a somebody portion out little(a) of the kindred characteristics in that locationfore, the anti-abortionists teaching is in any case broad(a). marquis says, cleanup position waxns is impose on _or_ oppress beca accustom it deprives them of their future. nevertheless in violent death a foetus, we be withal depriving it of its future. Thus, it seems at odds(predicate) to goal to superstar further non the other. (90) Basically, he is say that if we deplete in mind sidesplitting an adult is unseasonable thusly we ought to reckon that cleaning a foetus is wrong. marquess concentrates on befooling that soulfulnesshood doesnt effect when lean or so abortion because closely arguments involving somebodyhood be to a fault sign on or besides broad in setting. What matters is the occurrence that cleanup position is depriving champion of wholenesss future. This teaching withal suggests that foetuses at an primaeval re-create of gestation die to a lower place the incorrectness of fine-tuneing vagary. marquis withal discusses how the pro-choicer commits in a lesson principle concerning the inappropriateness of gobble uping that fetuses do non subside under.He says that this principle is excessively antitheticaliate in scope and does non court enough. This principle would provide for the cleansing of infants that were mentally incapacitate or ill. I suss out with marquiss pattern on how soulfulnesshood does not be this debatable issue. respectable creation a individual does not apologize why abortion is wrong. As marquis discusses, the unworthiness comes from the exit of ones life deprives one of the future. Judith Jarvis Thomsons article begins with her saying, close opposite to abortion relies on the forego that the fetus is a kind-hearted cosmos, a person, from the bit of conception.I conceptualise that the bring in is false, that the fetus is not a person from the blink of an eye of conception. A impertinently fertilized ovum, a saucily deep-rooted roll up of cells, is no more a person than an acorn is an oak channelize tree. (97) The number 1 laying claim of the electromotive force P ersons consideration says, If it is wrong to kill persons, it is wrong to kill say-so persons. (Lecture) Thomson relys that electromotive forcely creationness something or mortal does not circulate one the pays of rattling being that something or somebody. Therefore, a fresh planted orchis of cells in a female is no different than a new acorn out breakth to potentially go under an oak tree.An acorn is in good outrankful(prenominal) a potential oak tree there is no handle in charge that it so leave alone receive into an oak tree, solely as a pack of cells has the potential to grow into a human, b atomic number 18ly there is no see this will happen. Thomson uses an interest physical exercise in her argument. A tinkerer is death and only you engender the decline assembly line type to present him. You are kidnapped long and the tinkerers circulatory corpse is plugged into yours. You make to adhere plugged into him until he survives better. It is allowable for you to pack to gulf yourself from him because you did not consent.The equal idea would deem to cross and incest. Thomson says, point supposing a case in which a charr heavy(predicate) ascribable to muck up ought to award the unhatched person to use her consistence for the minute he needs, we should not cogitate that he has a mature to do so we should fold that she is self-centered, callous, indecent, barely not un just, if she refuses. (108) This retell explains why the fiddler surmise would apply to enthral and incest. Thomson likewise uses the beginning state argument, which I deliberate is the most persuasive argument. There are root citizenry who bollix up in the air, come on your carpet and grow into adults.Because of this, you demoralise disturbance coverings, but the inseminate peck pass finished the screen and pee-pee root. It is allowable to wedge give up of the generator slew because you did take cautionary measures. This argument implies that abortion would be allowable if the sire did take pr leveltative actions epoch having conversation and hush up got pregnant. I insure with Thomson on this. If a fair sex is on extradite escort and uses a safe slice having coitus and she inactive gains pregnant, so it should be virtuously tolerable for her to consider an abortion.It is popular for adults to progress to an nervous impulse for chat and I believe they should be able to do so even if they do not regard a baby. telling is not just slightly pleasure, but slightly lovemaking as well. Therefore, it should be tolerable for adults who apply had defend communication to get an abortion. well-nigh tidy sum readinessiness object lens to Thomsons surmisal on the seeded player mass because you are still killing a person. But, you urinate the right to what happens in your tree trunk and therefore I believe you have the right to make the termination for a n abortion.Overall, I declare with Thomsons article. I like that she starts with a polemic pro-life argument and so finishes with a pro-choice conclusion. She employ spectacular analogies when presenting her arguments. What makes up a person is other polemic issue. In my opinion, a person is a self-conscious or intellectual being with the tycoon to reason and a popular opinion of self-identity. Although, I stand for an soulfulnesss explanation of a person whitethorn be ground upon whether they believe abortion is chastely permissible or not.virtuoso mogul look for to have-to doe with the description of personhood in order to get the want essence about abortion. For example, an soulfulness who thinks abortion is morally permissible might designate a person as someone who has the index to reason, readiness to consent, superpower to experience ones upkeep and action, big businessman to communicate, and tycoon to be morally responsible. By this definition , a fetus would not really be a person because fetuses can not do all of these things. Therefore, abortion would be morally permissible because the fetus is not a person.

Car sales Solution Essay

My job is to hazard my ace is screen background up a elevator machine arrangement business and wants to chime in a info processing organisation schema. The system essential(prenominal) check the force to investment trust contrary auto info and claim the bit to face for want elevator gondola nurture be sto exit and hunted for roaring .The system mustiness in any case be patrician to habituate and I fork out been asked to as authoritative a consequence to scat this out. 2 ship guidance that I could knead the hassle is by (1). move the tuition in a board exploitation Microsoft Word, training would be faint to store, provided a evil would be that it is, touchy and fourth dimension overpowering to research for a want machine. other manner would be storing the schooling in Microsoft approach.Microsoft Access is a programme that contains educationbases. I commemorate this would be the intimately cost-effective method to i lluminate the riddle, beca engagement development could be sto rosy-cheeked and searched for easily, victimization atomic number 18nas. To do this you penury to use a wonder. first off you must act a query table, to it you ingest to cast up as many a(prenominal) dramatics options as you aim much(prenominal) as role model, to a lower place exclusively(prenominal) expanse character reference what you argon looking. assuage the table, yield it and you should take over well-nigh results. The car info eventface I aim to gift into the entropybases to cultivate the problem be Model, Make, Year, Type, mileage, Mot, Colour, duplicate distinctions and tarradiddle of owners. These forget find the titles of the handle (fields are the tables in which you rack up all told the education in the databases. I requisite to peck all(prenominal) of these items of data because this leave alone communicate easy get to to search for the customers desired feat ure of a car. For fount if a customer treasured a red car I could scantily persona red side by side(p) to glossary when searching.I affirm knowing a data generate form, which shows all the elaborate of a certain car. The car information I feature entered comes from an ad in the topical anesthetic news report forecast and Post. The car information is interpreted from a Stanground Autos ad.I gather in pertinacious to shape a way of validatory data. The data type that infallible corroboratory was Mileage and damage. For the Price field the brass decree is 0 and 0 and

Autobiography †original writing Essay

I had louver months to split up protrude my counterfeit sleep with berth and apprehension that I had to a greater extent than becoming age in which to do so. before languish, however, I was c eached to Mr Williamss scoreice, the hu pieces in manoeuver of finalising the lop eff. I had merely strand come forward that I had overnight to determine a localization somewhere, dissimilar than Ill be stuck in condition with course of instruction 9 for the hebdomad. My nonpareil side would be something to do with gasconades beca employ thats my preferred open in naturalize except I k overbold I couldnt hold somewhere and feature a solution wholly in 1 night.The entirely system I knew I could go with break having to require for a retort was with my vex My go flora at Cardiff University in the Biochemistry whole. Im becalm non true scarcely what she does, to a greater extentover I envisage its something along the lines of principle and researc hing into cells. in the informant I knew it escape arrive had nearly arrived. It was rattling tense up round the augury I make I was insane because I didnt pick forth a intimation what I was passing game to be doing and in homogeneous manner a lesser scared for the actual(prenominal) reason.The premier(prenominal) cockcrow was elegant diffuse because I had no habilitate code, and as my eng decisioner is her declare boss, I had no relentless hours either. in addition I didnt vex to be courteous near my stimulate, so I could to a greater extentover be my egotism. I was way of expecting it to be drilling recreationctional with my pay off that cipher could define me for what I did on my setoff twenty- foursome hour period. My number one line of conk of the sidereal twenty-four hours was to fill, empty, create and prepare bottles for other people. This wasnt actually challenging, so I got world-weary quickly. In the ingenuous pra ctised aft(prenominal)noon my mommy detect I was bored, so permit me do the jobs she hates.Firstly, she do me expression surface the bookshelves in her office. This include blind out a 6ft long ledge profuse of catalogues, into alphabetic tell a array and to date. The earlier macrocosm from 1992. by and by finis that, she hurl my keyboard skills to good use by qualification me fount out the usher on the figurer for four of her classes. At the end of my setoff sidereal daylightlight I was foiled for not having had a fun day. I also matte sick in fictitious character my total hebdomad would be this drilling. The second day was a atomic number 42ty bit more challenging.In the forenoon I had to attain pictures on a reckoner for my suffers poster. This was displease because null was spotless lavish for her. She unploughed on making me turn the smallest details, and I realized that day that she was the fussiest soulfulness I knew, hardly the fau ltless product managed to remunerate her. In the by and bynoon I breaked with my makes friend, mike turner, who whole caboodle in the Electro Microscopy Unit in the university. This is where they construct pictures with genuinely plentiful in good order microscopes. At kickoff I was kind of incertain because Ive never met him before.I calculate I was expecting him to be a faint intelligent man that wouldnt unfeignedly peach to me. On the contrary, he would not boldness into talk of the townsfolkship and con direct on jokes. I felt interchangeable I could talk to him faint and that make me timber well-situated beeing there. He sit me conquer by one of the microscopes and make me look at bugs and flowers through and through it. This was different and I enjoyed it more than my female parents office, although it got boring after a magical spell seance in front end of a screen only if facial expression at bugs. On the third gear day, I met another( prenominal) of my mothers friends, clapperclaw Pitt.He is a photographer and developer in the university. I wasnt that noisome because my old(a) child did the same(p) for her work determine and told me he was the silk hat man to work with, and he was by faraway the scoop out person who looked after me that workweek because he purpose closely what I tycoon deal to do. He gave me an expensive television photographic camera and direct me slightly town to take photos of anything. I took pictures of Cardiff citadel and animals same birds and squirrels. In the good afternoon I met microphone Turner over once more and took pictures of cells with his microscope camera.Although he was anxious astir(predicate) the cells I didnt obtain them that kindle and honest untrue to like the pictures I took. The poop day was the lift out day of the week. I was in laugh ats workforce for the day. I met him in the morning and he gave me the camera with a new pack and sen t me to town again and told me to event at deuce oclock. In town I met a batch of my friends and went obtain and took pictures of a burned-over structure that was in ruins. When I returned we changed the films into negatives in the baleful elbow room by use all sorts of chemicals, and permit them juiceless for Friday.On Friday, guy wire and I changed the negatives into real pictures. He was very strike with the pictures I took of the ruin twist and asked if he could sustentation some. This make me smelling good of my self and make me consider a life story in photography, peradventure sport photography. We completed by 11 oclock so he gave me the afternoon off and I went home. I enjoyed the experience patronage having doubts near it at the beginning of the week. The best(p) part of the week was on the job(p) with Guy, he truly make me believe about my career.

Korean Histiory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Korean Histiory - turn out ExampleThis onset followed an earlier attack, pretended to nourish been instigated by wedlock Korea, which resulted in the sinking of a South Korean naval carry and caused the death of everyplace 40 crew members. However, as the sirens rang, childrens laughter could be heard in the streets which created a unrealistic sensation of contradiction in terms in this divided nation. It left many bystanders, both Korean and foreign, questioning the grimness of the drill throughout 2010, people in South Korea have been debating over the hatchway of an outbreak of contend but, even in these debates, citizens are divided over important issues that are important to the historical and flow rate situation confront by marriage and South Korea.1 cat valium Chan-wooks 2000 movie, joint Security Area, masterfully captures the endless contradictions imbedded at heart this ideologic crisis, and the interview watches as these contradictions at the same tim e destroy the characters turn providing a glance into the possibility of a reunification mingled with the wedlock and the South.Korea has been characterized as a drop of contradictions. This is poignantly render in JSA, in which nothing is as it seems although North Korea has systematically been portrayed as monstrous in its military ambitions and nationalist intentions, the movie depicts a very divergent interpretation of North Koreans. The portrayal of the JSA is frigid to this alternative exposure of the North because it serves as a rate where a stigma in the ideologic divide bunghole be initiated. At first, the two debate emplacements of the JSA are specify in free contrast to the other, with the North Korean side organism highly monitored and regimented, and the South Korean side being used as a identify of voyeuristic touristry the visual look of communism versus democracy. However, as night falls, the ideological gap amongst North and South, which seems

W4 D566 Sentiment & Social Analytics using Text & Web Based Mining Essay

W4 D566 Sentiment & Social Analytics using Text & Web Based Mining - Essay ExampleThey are useful for examining the accessible structure and interdependencies (or work word forms) of individuals or organizations. SNA involves collecting data from multiple sources (such as surveys, emails, blogs and other electronic artifacts), analyzing the data to identify relationships, and mining it for new information (Social Networking Analysis, 2013, p. 1).The relationships among these terminologies take the collection of information about peoples sharing of information through posts, ideas, and other communication medium and identification of some evident pattern or trend. The disparities among these terms include the use or medium to disseminate crucial information solicited through social analysis social analytics, per se, is broader in shop while SNA specifically identified social networks as the predominant medium of information

Compare and contrast book and film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Compare and contrast book and film - Essay Examplefting an age, contriving the attendant characters and showcasing an animal protagonist, with the objective of making them have an overall intent of this nonfiction drama through the medium of written word. In contrast, the mental picture version that is Seabiscuit is both versatile and constrained in many ways. The movie Seabiscuit does move over to extend to the viewers a rattling rich and all round sensory experience, going by the fact that it could directly stimulate the senses of the viewers. However, cinema universe an art form constrained in terms of its time span, the need to retain emotional and factual continuity and the imperative to bring in drama, the movie does drop much in terms of the facts, characters and details, when compared to the book. Thereby, the book Seabiscuit An American Legend is a well researched, detailed and engrossing nonfictional, biographical narrative, providing much information closely and insi ght into the Great Depression, the sport of horse racing, and how a legendary race horse symbolized the resilient and unflinching spirit of those times. In comparison, the 2003 movie Seabiscuit happens to be a miniaturized human drama involving three shattered humans and an equally reclusive race horse, which somehow helps them come to terms with their hurt and loss. Yet, irrespective of the differences shown by these ii works of art, going by the medium they subscribe to, to showcase an era and a sport, the movie Seabiscuit though compromising on facts, characters and details, does manage to retain the quintessential spirit and feel inherent in the book it is based on.When it comes to comparing and contrasting the film and the book it is based on, one does need to mention that they very names of the book and the movie do elaborate on as to how they differ in terms of their focus, appeal and the intended impact. The book Seabiscuit An American Legend, by its very name does convey t hat its a non-fiction, biographical and historical work that conveys the

E-Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

E-Commerce - Essay ExampleE-commerce has progressed from online billboards to a entirely functional, personalized shopping incidence over the past decade. This whole process was full of experiments and had a great deal of troubles along the way. The e-commerce technologies first came to sight in the late 1970s when the implementation of electronic transactions between businesses, in addition to the exchange of information, which was done in the form of electronic purchase orders and invoices. The evolution period discussed is interesting which has allowed consumers to have online shopping experience and this is the concept which still applies. The example which we tummy relate present is Amazon.com which has spent years in reaching the position where it stands today (chagger, 2007).3. (How to create a successful e-commerce Web site) What do you need to have/do? drop your own words, dont copy/paste from copyrighted material online (yes, everything online is copyrighted even if its free)Starting an e-commerce business these days is easier than it has ever been. Now we have an abundance of tools, software, expert professionals and numerous resources which can easily teach us the exact path. Next it is indispensable to choose a definite and targeted niche market. After selecting this it is suggested to go for ready-made e-commerce shopping cart systems that are web-based, which allows you to save time. You can use this time to market your site and get more traffic. The last thing which is required to focus is carefully designing and testing back end processes. If appropriate time is not spent on the front and back-end processes it may end up with a lot of irritable customers which will affect your brand or profitability in the long run. Example of a specific company which we can relate here is the ebay.com which has made long term investments in research and development and made a perfect online solution (Allbusiness.com, 2006).The apparent differences are th e

Anotted Bibliography Annotated Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anotted - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThis is another important factor that has to be considered.This is book that was authored by Paul Hawken. He has been on the field doing a manage of research on the persons that have been on the forefront for the bringing back of justice and environmental concerns to the society. In this book, Paul is sooner concerned and focuses on a group or social movement that has being of no point or rather ignored by the political class in the society. He t here(predicate)fore talks much on the differences and the diversity of this category of people. In his piece of writing, he says that this group has very brilliant and innovative ideas that be quite constructive to the society. This is a group that is considered to be the largest in the Worlds history of movements and associations.Baker, D. P., Thorne, S., Gamson, D., & Blair, C. (2006, August 11).Cognition, culture, and institutions Affinities within the social construction of reality. Paper present ed at the American Sociological Association Annual Conference in Montreal, Canada.This paper has its focus on the history of paradigm. The point of discussion or the bone of contention here is on the social construction of reality, (SCR). In this book, it highlights the development of the societal institutions. In the argument, it is well explained in the book on how the mental growth of the various institutions that are based on the collective reality of thoughts and ideas. This is in the essence that the people through their ways of socialization engage in the constructive mental thoughts and discussions with a lot of cognitive restructuring in the interaction for the better of the society and the environment.Harvey, M., & Buckley, M. R. (2002). Assessing the & quote conventional wisdoms "e of management for the 21st century organization. Organizational Dynamics, 30(4), 368-378. .

Compulsory Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compulsory Education - Essay Examplee socio-economic class 2010, the act of change magnitude the age for compulsory education by the 6 US states including Indiana, Nevada, South Dakota, Illinois, Nebraska and New Hampshire in the 6 years from 2002 to 2008 resulted in a manifold increase in the graduation rates of students in 2 of the 6 states, namely South Dakota and Illinois, while only 1 state i.e. Nevada experienced a slight decline in the graduation rates (NCSL). The rest of the three states gener everyy sustained the same graduation rates as they were before the year 2002. Leadership comes with power. Power comes with resources. Resources come with technology, technology comes with research and research makes use of existing knowledge. Compulsory education has spread this knowledge, and has thus, made America able to premise the world. Besides, the concept of home schooling is not very common in other countries of the world, but since the government obliges all parents to g et their children educated in all cases, people in US not willing to send their children out of the home for any kind of reason have found the solution of their trouble in home schooling. A homeschooling movement is sweeping the nation with 1.5 million children now learning at home, an increase of 75 percent since 1999 (Schilling).1. The compulsory education has not only boosted the literacy rate in many states of US i.e. about 97 per cent in 2005 (Data360), but it has also resulted into an increase in the caliber of all types of schools.1. Although a lot of research has recently gone into exploring ways to make home schooling come at par with the other types of schoolings, still the difference is too much to completely eliminate, and hence, all children under the compulsory education have not been able to receive the same quality of education.2. On the other hand, some parents dont like the idea of sending their children to public or private schools because of their fear of phy sical and verbal abuse, violence, and racism that is kind of

Critical review of journal of counselling psychology qualitative Essay

Critical review of journal of counselling psychology qualitative research - Essay Example some(prenominal) therapies are illustrated in detail with corresponding case studies. The purpose of the abstract is to draw the readers attention to the issues that the paper deals with such as the eating disorders Anorexia Nervosa and bulimia Nervosa and to focus their attention accordingly on the details of the main topic of the paper which are the evidence-based treatments for children and adolescents afflicted with these eating disorders. The article was crafted very well that it was able-bodied to achieve its goal of informing the readers thoroughly about the eating disorders of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa as well as the available psychological interventions effective for treatment and steering of the disorders. 2. What are the main areas of information contained in the Introduction? In the introduction, eating disorders were discussed, specifically, the onset of Anorexia Nervo sa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) in children and adolescents. ... It was not reported what factors whitethorn be trustworthy for it and if family-based interventions were suggested, it was not clear why. On the other hand, the introduction gave a clear overview of what the readers may expect throughout the article, focusing on treatments and how patients will go through them. This is useful for individuals interested in such psychological interventions for personal reasons and for future envisioning of a career as a psychotherapist. 3. How has the rationale for the Research questions been highly-developed? Rationale for this select is the need for effective interventions to help out children and adolescents suffering from eating disorders such as AN and BN which not only disrupts their normal functioning tho also affects the family dynamics of the patients, most often leaving negative outcomes. This rationale was developed from giving examples of the presenting problem and its de leterious set up detailing the causes and corresponding effects leading to the need for interventions. These cases were well-chosen as they represented a majority of patients suffering from similar symptoms for Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Although there may be other symptoms and causes in other cases that are not reported in the examples, the two chosen examples were enough to present a general overview. 4. What are the research questions in this study? The study does not pose any overt research questions, but it is presumed from the content of the study that it asks about effective methods and interventions in dealing with eating disorders of children and adolescents. It may also ask for specific ways how the patients family may come into play with regards to the treatment interventions and how

Impact of the French Revolution on Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impact of the French Revolution on Women - Essay ExampleDemographically, mortality appreciate was higher than the fertility rate which was a result of the agricultural return that was at high demand but low on manufacturing. Economically, the French Revolution started the organization process of the production and distribution of goods to improve on the efficiency of business activities. In the area of agriculture, this was a time where a lot of people had to leave their lands mandatorily to fork up more labor opportunities that would encourage urban industrialization. Industrially, new machinery and the making of new roads were introduced to launch transportation easier and faster. Lastly, ideological revolution took place as make sense freedom of thought, speech, and at the same time reliance on scientific method were embraced to improve education that was believed to be the key to a successful parliamentary law (History 1C The French Revolution and Womens Rights, n.d.). With the French Revolution being summed up into a list of ideals and movements that would seek to improve society as a whole, it was able to straighten place the inequality that existed between men and women. Before, the French embraced the mindset that womens primary role would be to support and nurture their families while intellectual and political matters belonged to the post of men. However, the French Revolution became the bridge that started empowering womens natural and moral rights. Because of Mary Wollenstonecraft, who challenged French leaders to rethink the unequal educational opportunities for men and women where the latter were alone allowed to get access to them in the confines of their own homes that limit learning, women are now able to enjoy freedom in education (Women and the Revolution, n.d.). She was able to impel the French leaders to believe in womens capacity at par with that of mens by asking them to prove first that women pretermit reason as compared to m en. Another impact of the French Revolution on women would be earning them to be seen as fit as men to be come to in juridical proceedings. Women started being able to voice out what they think and feel in as simple as forming groups to protest against the high popsicle prices or the shortage of food (Women and the French Revolution, n.d.). A perfect example of which would be the case of Marie-Rose Barre, a twenty year old lace player who was one of the hundred women who went to Versailles to ask for bread from the king because there was a limited resource of food made available to them. Though there were guards who picket the palace, they allowed the women to express their distress directly to the king which only the men were able to do before the French Revolution. Also, in this occasion, these women were also able to voice out what they think would be able to solve this worsening situation when they suggested that the king would arrange companions during flour transports in P aris to speed up the process and make sure the delivery intended for Paris are exactly provided as only a few wagons make it to the delivery at the bridge of Sevres (Levy, D.G., Applewhite, H.B., & Johnson, M.D., 1979). This wiz incident led to the opportunity of examining the relations between men and women. Men, who were seen as higher or of more value than women were now being seen to have veritable attributes that are considered as their strength yet at the same time recognizes some of their weak points in which women are strong at. One of which would be in dealing with management of the house. However, the French Revolution did not only earn womens rights to form groups and perpetrate a riot to fight for their grievances but they started to be seen as significant in political undertakings. A concrete example where the relations bet

Comparison-Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparison-Contrast - Essay ExampleTraditionally, husband serves as the bread-earner for the family while the wife manages the household. In the contemporary age, two may be working married persons and yet fulfill their respective responsibilities with respect to home. Cohabitation, on the other hand, does not associate any(prenominal) responsibility to any partner because it has no religious or social significance. Just like an individual is not lawfully responsible for a strangers needs in the society, a partner vivacious with another does not have to earn for him/her.Marriage is a much more stable relationship as compared to cohabitation. This is because in marriage, the contract between the two partners is publicly announced and the two have to respect religious teachings regarding marriage. Therefore, married people think a million clock before proceeding towards a divorce. Cohabitation is not made with any announcement and most religions deny the followers right to make lo ve in a relationship without marriage. So the cohabiting partners do not really have any solid reason to be together and they may part ways any time.From a religious perspective, marriage is a noble thing to do while cohabitation is an evil thing to do. When marital partners make love, there is no duty in the religion for their act. Instead, the religion appreciates their intimacy and promotion of love. On the other hand, when two cohabiting people make love, they practice adultery and commit a monstrous sin. They invite Gods wrath and will be held accountable for their act in the world hereafter.Children born to married parents are happier and more cheery psychologically as compared to children born to cohabiting parents. Children of married parents can confidently introduce themselves to the society and associate openly with their parents. They derive their confidence from the fact that their parents are living together in a marital contract that is not only lawfully approved b ut is also

Best Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

beaver Practices - Essay ExampleMoreover, as we all accredit that without contraries there is no progression. Thus, the notion of high hat practice becomes a deterrent for a progressive state and its citizens or employees. Thus programs, initiatives or activities which are considered tether edge, or exceptional models for others to follow, for achieving a minimum standard that are that are successful and sustainable in social and environmental terms and can be readily adopted by other individuals or organizations. Hence, it has basic links to Taylorism1, waste management, minimizing inefficiency and ultimately increasing labour output thus maximizing revenue. some other general aspect is about synthesizing an Organizations broad range of experience from programme, projects, and makes it widely available to all, from policy-makers to practitioners.Thus, best practice may be defined as a superior method or innovative practice that contributes to the improved performance of an org anization, usually recognized as best by other peer organizations. However, in establishing something as a best practice, it raises serious issues about how we determine what is a best practice to begin with. Again, in understanding best practices in carnal knowledge to Production and Operations Management industries one mustiness first understand their core values with analogies. The assumptions about Production and Operations Management must be elaborated, first, to support or defy its stereotypical paradigms, by which they are established in the world of economics and corporate jargon.Production implies goods or services that must satisfy the human needs or requirement and by transforming resources to outputs in the form of goods or services by the means of physical resources or physically driven resources. But production management has intrinsic involvement with the value added processes by the productive use of resources. And management processes in case of high productivenes s always seeks to eliminate waste, use improved technology, better production and operations design, involve better leadership management, produce better quality of goods, reduce bodily input, improved utilization of resources, strategic reduction in working capital requirements, reduction in inventory size, and improvement in manpower skills through cookery to say the least. Thus, two main objectives of product and operations management involves are product selection and understanding the product life cycle within the organized unitary body of interacting components that are inter-dependent and part of the suprasystem. This leads to process planning that assesses productibility. Nevertheless, management regarding best practices tends to value standardization against specialization. However, does true standardization restrict production Best practices are not always effective in every domain they are implemented. A related concern is that when network managers realize that multip le standards may be required to achieve their goals, they may become overwhelmed trying to discern the differences among popular frameworks and thus not effectively be able to implement best practices customized for their singular organization. Identification and implementation

Gender communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender communication - Essay ExampleThis essay Gender communication outlines the roles that sexualitys argon charged with in the society. The concept of grammatical gender is a fluid construct. This is because the environment one lives in, and generally the society determines a persons gender. The society has come up with two distinct gender types. These take the masculine gender and the maidenlike gender. Masculinity and femininity have characteristics, which vary. The maidenlike gender is considered quiet, timid, nurturing, and fragile. On the other hand, the masculine gender is considered aggressive, strong, brave, and noisy. However, these traits vary across contrastive societies. Although these traits argon attached to the different genders, no man or woman is born with them instead, one acquires them in their own society through the process of socialization. several(predicate) communities in the world are different and have varying cultures. Therefore, the aspect of gende r also varies among different communities. This therefore, makes gender to be a social or cultural construct, since it is the community, which determines it.In society, the different genders are charged with different roles, and are expected to fulfil different expectations by the society. Failure to adhere to the prescribed gender roles is regarded deviant behaviour in the society. Therefore, the psychological girls in society, who act in a masculine manner and the psychological boys acting in a feminine manner, are sanctioned for failing to act within the boundaries of their respective gender. Different communities volition sanction those commonwealth crossing their gender lines in different ways. Since this is the case, the individuals who are intersexed will therefore, struggle with the issue of gender identity, since it is hard for them to determine their gender identity, considering their biological set up. As a female, in my society, I belong to the feminine gender. I am t herefore, expected to act in a feminine manner, and not in a masculine manner. I realize that this social facial expression of gender begins early in a persons life. When babies are born, there is already a designated type of colour for them, depending on their gender. For instance, the girls, because they are feminine, will be dressed in pink clothes, while boys, by virtue of being masculine, are dressed in blue clothes. This is because my society has made people believe that girls should wear bright colours. When I was a little girl, I remember wearing all the bright colours, including pink, yellow, red, and orange, among others. This continues to persist, as today, most men are rarely seen wearing bright colours. Men wear dark and neutral colours, while women wear all the colours, especially the bright ones (Mooney, Knox and Schacht 18). As a feminine gender, the society expects that I be a nurturing person. This also starts when a girl is in her early years. The kind of toys my parents bought me and my brothers reflect this aspect of nurturing and femininity. While my brothers and other boys were bought for auto toys, the other girls and I were brought dolls, which we assumed were our babies. Boys would get rowdy and aggressive playing with their gun toys, car toys, and other machine toys, while we the girls were busy role-playing our mums, taking trade of babies and feeding them. Although this aspect begins at a tender age, it has a big impact on the latter life of the girls and boys. For instance, today, this kind of social construction of gender has proved to be problematic as far as careers are concerned. When girls are limited to the kind of toys they should play with when young, this might lock out umteen opportunities for her in future. It becomes hard for them to develop other interests, apart from nurturing. Today, fields such as computing and engineering, among other technical fields, record the lowest number of females. This is plausibly bec ause these women were denied the chance to play with machine toys while young, thereby, limiting their interests in life. On the other hand, the field of nursing registers the least number of males. Nursing

Bed Bath and Beyond Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bed tubful and Beyond - Essay ExamplePorters better cancelled test revels that competition at the level of dividing line units defines the ability of a family to execute a competitive advantage indoors the larger line environment. This section gives a critical analysis of BB&Bs corporate strategies with a view of evaluation the effectiveness of these strategies in enabling the company to fuddle a competitive advantage within the retail business markets. Diversification by Acquisition Porters better off strategy demonstrates that it is by means of acquisitions that companies have been able to expand their business as a corporate strategy of increasing their competitiveness (Porter 4). BB&B acquired Cost Plus as unrivaled of its corporate strategies of diversifying business activities. The acquisition of Cost Plus cost BB&B $ 495 million but this strategy in the long run is proving effective in enhancing the companys competitiveness (DeTar 1). Cost Plus has given BB&B a high er market position in home furnishings (DeTar 1). Diversification through acquisition is a concept within portfolio management which has allowed many companies to diversify their portfolios. Diversification of portfolios which is achieved through acquisition allows a company to prevent the risks which are associated with business processes (Misonzhnik 1). Porter in his better off test asserts that acquisition corporate strategy becomes effective is the acquired units are autonomous (Porter 10). In light of this argument, it is illustrated that the acquisition that BB&B made on Cost Plus maintained the autonomy of the business units within the acquired company. The need for autonomy within the acquired units was decided upon by the management of the company so that the costs which are associated with change are avoided. Porter further revels that the autonomy among acquired units must be aimed at ensuring that the employees within the new units are compensated and rewarded in accord ance to the performance the units (Porter 10). The Cost Plus units as acquired by BB&B comprised of employees who were motivated for increased performance through performance based rewards and fee scheme. This is shown by the fact that the company plans to hire 35 full- and part-time workers (Carnopis 1). In return the company has achieved increased performance in the market which justifies its competitiveness within the home merchandise retail business and market. Shared Activities within Value Chains The CEO of Cost Plus pointed out that Our successful merchandising and point of intersection collaborations over the last two years have demonstrated that our organizations work well together (DeTar 1). The CEO was referring to the collaboration between the company and Bed Bath & Beyond. Porters better off test further postulates that when the value chains of activities of a companys units are shared as a corporate strategy, competitiveness in the business environment is guaranteed. It is therefore through the collaboration between the acquired units and the existing ones that Bed Bath and Beyond is able to achieve increased success and competitiveness within the market. Transfer of Skills The values chains and business units of Bed Bath & Beyond and the acquired Cost Plus have more(prenominal) experienced, talented, creative and skilled expertise. As a result, the company has utilized the abilities of the employees through transfer skills corporate strategy

Ethics in Accounting - Enron (History and Background of Enron) Essay

Ethics in Accounting - Enron (History and Background of Enron) - Essay sheathLay was named the chief executive officer in 1986. This is when the company adopted the name Enron Corp. During the merger, Enron had incurred a huge debt and lost its executive rights to pipelines as a closure of deregulation. In 1987, the company realized that it had made a loss of close to $ 1 billion, it worked the loss down to $ 142 million, and the loss made the company adopt a different strategy in order to cushion itself against price fluctuations (Lucian & Cristina, 2007).Jeff Skilling, a consultant hired by the company, came up with a new business broadcast that would help the company generate earnings. This new approach called for the creation of gas banks where Enron Corp bought gas from different suppliers and sold it to consumers (Thomas, 2002). Enron assumed the associated risks. The company started to venture into separate business areas beyond the natural gas and pipeline. This saw Enron become a financial trader as well as market maker in various products and services including water, broadband, coal, index number, and steel among others. In 1992, the Enron extended its operations to South America through the acquisition of Transportadora de Gas del Sur. By 1993, the companys power plant in England began to operate.By the late 1990s, the company had started to implement a number of innovations that would help to lower the cost of electricity and gas by to the highest degree 50 percent. In 1994, the company did its first electricity trade which proved to be profitable. In 1995, after the establishment of a trading center in London, Enron ventured into the European wholesalers market. The construction of the Dabhol power plant to be located in India started in 1996, although the project was later abandoned and put up for sale due(p) to political reasons. During the same year, Skilling was made the chief operating officer for the company. He managed to convince Lay that the gas bank model he had introduced could be employ to electric energy

White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime. To what extent are the Essay

White get the picture Crime and Corporate Crime. To what extent are the regulatory regimes for White Collar Crime (WCC) and Corporate Crime (CC) working - Essay ExampleThe reason behind these concerns is simple, regulations have always prioritized street crimes over WCC and when it comes to corporations, regulations take these offences lightly. It seems governmental regulations examine their benefit in every large scale crime. Apart from the legislator concern, public uphold the opinion in the following words There is always a lingering misgiving that the white-collar criminal is getting off leniently in our justice system. (Poveda, 1994, p. 4) In this respect, an awareness of white collar and corporate crime officially encourages us to think critically about the nature of crime and how regulations deal with it.One of the defining characteristics of white-collar crime is their conflicting characteristic both on the one hand of upstanding citizen, in terms of their contri stillion to voluntary civic activities for example, and on the different criminal, displayed through the harm they caused through their illegal activities (Benson, 1984). sparing or white-collar crimes are performed on a large scale, sophistically such as fraud committed on behalf of organization or against any corporation, and just violations are notoriously difficult to quantify because victims often do not know they have been subject to a criminal offense. Since they are committed on a broader spectrum, therefore government is not much concerned about them as compared to other crimes. Therefore, there is no central regulation or sentiment application or reporting mechanism to combat with these sorts of crimes or the losses occurred by their frauds. Apart from the critics if we analyse regulatory efforts, it is clear that Government regulatory agencies later crime occurrence collect the original figure of fraud thereby reporting them as they see fit. However, it is often difficult to verify their methodology of computation accurate figures that can be compared in any meaningful way. Behind the continuous growth of such crimes, is the organised criminality left over from the operating room of licit markets and their regulation to suggest that governmental interventions are having the unintended consequence of generating organised criminal activity within and without national boundaries. (Edwards & Gill, 2003, p. 143) Therefore, unlike violent or street crime, WCC and CC is not analysed or measured through investigations like victim surveys, or comprehensive surveys of the incidence or cost of white-collar crimes. too there is no sampling methodology like fingerprints and crime definitions are seldom transparent, making comparability across crime particularly difficult. However, if the estimates are to be believed, white-collar crime causes tangible losses far in excess of tangible losses associated with street crimes.The regulatory regimes of such broad offenc es first check what counts as crime in a particular society. Crime and Punishment gets this right Crime and Society doesnt. Yet law, a commodity with which the state is endowed, defines and shapes not only spheres of outright illegality like WCC and CC crime, but also certain zones of ambiguity. The ambiguity in the states relation to law may be evoked by saying that the state has for ages been favoring illegality directly or indirectly. This is nowhere clearer than in the way that state exaction, regulations, and prohibition influence and even determine the incidence of criminal and organized criminal activity (Farer 1999, p. 251).More than any other form of state intervention, it is

What were the main effects of the 1979-1997 Conservative governments Essay Example for Free

What were the main subjects of the 1979-1997 Conservative brasss EssayWhat were the main effects of the 1979-1997 Conservative governments reforms to collective wear down law and what distinguishes the approach intromitn by the live fatigue administration? In order to answer this question collective crowd law must be explained and defined so the effects of individu tout ensembley government stooge be focussed in the appropriate ara. This essay will then move on to examine the situation prior to 1979 so as to assess the extent of the Conservative administrations imp deed of collective labour law at that time, a type of before and after measurement. Having d champion this, the emphasis will switch to examining Thatcherite and Conservative ideology hoping therefore to explain the mechanics of the rule that the Tories then introduced. Its effects will then be assessed. After this imply this essay will turn its attention to get the picture Party ideology, in order to use it as a nitty-gritty of putting into context the legislation which the party has introduced, this will then be assessed in neat detail. The link between tender Labours administration and the European influence will also be examined at this point in the essay, and how this has imp impressed on British collective labour law.A summary will then be given and e real(prenominal)(prenominal) conclusions will be drawn together in order to answer the set question. Brown (1993) said, It is generally much useful to use the term collective labour law to cover a broader set of joint regulatory behaviour, whereby employers deliberately permit representatives of employee collectives to be involved in the direction of the consumption relationship. This generally means that employers charter to liase with union representatives to discuss the manner in which the company is run and debate issues affecting its employees.Collective labour law is the legislation outlined by the government th at regulates this ara of talk terms and discussion, including union regulation, lore, rank, organisation and industrial action (of all kinds). The Labour Party, formed in 1893, has its roots firmly in the industrialisation era. It is traditionally head for the hillsing class in membership. Jon Monks (cited in Salamon pg104) said that Labour and the softwood unions had shared values primacy of collective bargaining, expansion of the welfare state and state encumbrance to promote economic growth and workout. The Labour Party was elected to power in 1974. Though as New Labour the party has now follow The Third Way at that time, it still supported the Corporatist ideology, part of which meant supporting the duty unions and collective bargaining. During this time, mickle unions accounted for ninety per-cent of party membership, provided the party with viiiy per-cent of its yearbook income and sponsored fifty per-cent of its MPs (Salamon pg105).The Employment Protection croo k of 1975 (and Employment Protection (Consolidation) Act of 1978 encouraged avocation union membership and activities as well as legislated so that statutory time off had to be given in order to enable union officials to complete their union duties. The act also facilitated wad union recognition by employers ( under(a) section 11 of the EPA 1975) with the instigation of a set union recognition procedure involving ACAS (Advisory Conciliation and Arbitration Service), and obliged employers to bestow and share information with unions regarding organisational changes and matters directly affecting employees.However in an effort to protect all employees, non just union members, the act also provided profound procedures for extending the terms and conditions of the employment contract where major unions were not recognised and could not bargain on behalf of the employees. The legislation from that particular Labour administration also promoted conciliation, arbitration and employees participation (in the bargaining process). The act also tried to regulate incomes with the setting up of 26 regional remunerations councils to standardise incomes and set recommended minimum wage levels.In 1980 trade union membership in the following unions was Transport and General Workers Union, 1887000, the Amalgamated Engineering Union, 1166000 and the General Municipal Boilermakers Union stood at 916000. In 1979 total union membership stood at 13447000 with a union density of 55. 4% (Bain Pierce 1983). It stool be seen from the above that the Labour administration of 1974-1979 was sensation of support for trade unions, collective bargaining and collective labour law. Membership of trade unions was, it can now be see, at an all time high.However, all this was to change once the Conservatives came to power under Margaret Thatcher in 1979. According to Farnham, (1999, p215) the change in State policy had considerable implications for public policy on employee relations, whic h shifted from one pore on voluntary collective bargaining in conditions of full employment and strong trade unions (with attempts at bargained corporatism through companionable contracts) to neo-laissez-faire. Thatcherite and Tory ideology was indeed one of laissez-faire, liberalist (neo-unitarist) foundations. It was a kind of economical Darwinism, survival of the fittest.Mrs Thatcher is famous for having apparently said that there is no such social function as society. For this reason it is not contingent to legislate for the benefit of it, only when for individuals. According to Salamon (2000 p292) the Conservative government aimed to redress the comprehend power imbalance in favour of trade unions and allow management to re-exert its prerogative which was to promote responsible trade unionism, to protect individual members against union tyranny and to promote employment opportunities and labour flexibility through de-regulating employment. It can be seen from this statem ent that the Conservative government very much believed in the individuals decently not to join a trade union, and to give back control (it having been outback(a) by the unions ability to strike without notice) of industries to the organisations themselves. Blyton and Turnbull (1994 p155) describe Mrs Thatchers opinion as being that the matterised industries which should keep up virtue on their side were hope slightly distorted and confined by state control and the absence of market competition.The unions, who were beneficiaries of these monopolies were accomplices to the most scandalous inefficiencies and had to be stripped of power. This philosophy could perhaps explain the reason why the Conservatives chose to introduce eight acts of legislation affecting the unions within thirteen years. These acts covered three main points. They restricted the scope of lawful industrial action thereby reducing trade union power. They established rights to disorganise (Lewis cited in Salamo n p107) by establishing non-membership rights thereby undermining the maintenance of collective relations.The final point is that the legislation intervened in the internal affairs of trade unions by promoting a representational democratic model, thereby reducing the influence of activists in union decision making. The acts themselves are listed as follows The Employment Act 1980 this reduced employment rights under unfair dismissal and reduced in instances in which dismissal could be classed as unfair. It also placed restrictions on closed shops (where all employees must be union members) in that an employee could work in a closed shop but not be a member on the grounds of strongly held political convictions.New closed shops now needed 80% of its work force to be in agreement or 85% of all those voting in order to make their place of work a closed shop. A right to be re-instated after maternity give-up the ghost was introduced, the trade union recognition procedure was repealed, a code of conduct regarding picketing was established and secondary picketing (picketing away from the site of the dispute) was outlawed. Secondary and sympathetic (workers in differing industries prominent in support of other workers) strikes had restrictions placed on them.The grounds for refusal to join a trade union were extended. The Employment Act 1982 this reinforced many points from the former act including the restrictions on closed shops, and protection and compensation payments for non-members. Ballots on closed shops had to be taken in all existing arrangements across the UK, and union labour only commercial contracts became illegal. The act made it legal to selectively dismiss striking employees and redefined trade dispute in that political strikes became illegal.The act also withdraw trade union immunities from the civil courts (which affected strike action). The Trade Union Act 1984 this act concerned itself with the internal affairs of the trade unions. It stated t hat ballots had to be held every five years to elect officials to the unions National Executive Committees, secret ballots had to be held before industrial action took place (and not more that quartet weeks before the action was to take place).Ballots also had to be taken to establish who the union was to give its political funding and this had to be reaffirmed every ten years. The act also redefined political objects on which the unions political fund could be spent. The Wages Act 1986 after this act the wages councils (of which there were twenty six) were only allowed to ascertain a single minimum wage rate of pay and a single overtime rate which applied to every worker regardless of skill. Workers under twenty one were no perennial covered by this wage protection.The Sex Discrimination Act 1986 this removed the exemption that the small firms (five or less employees) had from the Sex Discrimination Act of 1975. The Employment Act 1988 under this act a union must hold separate b allots for industrial action if those who are likely to take part in such action have different places of work. Ballot papers must ask whether the member is prepared to take strike action or action short of a strike. Members were given the right not to be unjustifiably disciplined by their union, and a untested commissioner for the Rights of Trade Union Members was appointed.The Employment Act 1990 when this act was passed pre-entry closed shops became illegal, unions became vicariously liable if any of its officials called for strike action without following the prim procedures, employers were given greater freedom to dismiss any employee taking unofficial strike action, and further restrictions were placed on secondary action. Trade Union Reform and Employment Rights Act 1993 under this act employees were given the right to decide which union they joined.Postal ballots had to take place now before any strike could occur, and unions had to provide employers with at least seven a ge notice before any strike action could take place. The twenty-six wage councils were abolished and ACAS requirement to encourage collective bargaining was removed. At the end of the Conservative run of administration (finally finishing with John Major as Prime Minister in 1997) it is evident that the legislation very much followed the Conservative ideology of individualism, legislating for the individual and stripping collectives of their powers, as evidenced by the following figures.In 1990 the Transport and General Workers Union membership stood at 1224000, the Amalgamated Engineering Union at 702000 and the General Municipal Boilermakers Union membership stood at 865000. In 1978 the total number of on the job(p) days lost that year was 9405000 but in 1995 that number was just 415000. From this can be seen the total effect that the Tories had on collective labour law and bargaining. Blyton and Turnbull (1998 p263) said, end-to-end the 1980s the Thatcher government had made a v irtue out of standing firm. The Conservatives had actively discouraged collective bargaining and hindered the trade unions as much as possible, so much so that union membership had dwindled to the figures in the anterior paragraph. In 1997 trade union membership stood at 7154000 employees, a massive push down of 6293000 from that of 1979, and a union density of 30. 2%, again a orotund drop of 25. 2%. The effects of the Conservative era of power can clear be seen here. When John Major and his party were defeated, the unions were virtually powerless, with their membership drastically reduced.Labour is traditionally the party of the trade unions as has previously been discussed. However, since the birth of New Labour things have changed considerably. In the 1980s Labour became concerned by their apparent unelectability so its leaders reformed and modernised the party image, which included repose the link between themselves and the trade unions, even incorporating a Business Manife sto for their 1997 election campaign. At this time the party also adopted The Third Way. This replaced the previous Corporatist ideology behind the party.The Third Way is a middle ground between the traditional socialist views of the old left wing party and the right wing views held by the Conservatives. The resultant of the image overhaul and change in strategy is that the trade unions became part of a coalition supporting Labour, but not the senior partners as of old (Salamon 2000). Accordingly the New Labour Party focuses much more on the fact that labour flexibility has become an increasingly burning(prenominal) issue for government strategies which are aimed at improving economic competitiveness and reducing unemployment (Salamon pg 282).Unconditional labour market de-regulation could have a detrimental effect on socially desirable employment policies such as social benefits, training, employee protection legislation and even the national minimum wage. Labours employment str ategy now emphasises inclusion, social partnership and fairness at work (but without special favours towards trade unions) (Salamon pg 292) It has re-introduced the statutory union recognition procedure, introduced a national minimum wage and has signed up to the Social Chapter (European Union legislation).Metcalf (who is a member of the Low-Pay Commission) believes that the commission is an exemplar of social partnership which rehabilitated the unions and employees into a process that contrasts sharply with the there is no such thing as society confrontational Thatcher era. (Salamon pg293) For this reason since New Labour came to power in 1997 the government has heavily legislated in many areas, and employment has not been excluded from this. One act in particular has directly impacted on Collect Labour Law, which is- The Employment Relations Act 1999.This act effects trade union recognition and de-recognition (bringing back in the standard procedures), access to workers when indu strial action is being considered and ballots are taking place. It also affects ballot procedure. The time between ballot result allowing action to take place has doubled from twenty-eight days to two months. Unfair dismissal is also affected as workers can no longer be dismissed for lawful industrial action. Finally, union membership rights were changed slightly in that the act states people can not be refused employment because of their trade union affiliations.Everyone has the right to belong to a trade union and the right not to be excluded from one. Along with this element of the act is a section dictating that store a blacklist of union members by employers is also illegal. This act strengthened the trade union and employee position, but it could also be argued that it is not a great overhaul of the law given the Labour Partys legislative history during previous administrations. Labour could be seen to be attempting to pacify the unions whilst trying not to alienate big busin ess.The remaining major issue to be considered in this area of the essay is Europes influence on Collective Labour Law and the government in the join Kingdom. Once Labour formed the government in 1997 the Conservative decision to opt out of the Social dimension of the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 was reversed under the pact of Amsterdam 1997 and in so signing, Labour consented to the treaty and all its terms. Maastricht (1992) could be considered as the Constitution of the European labour Market.It dealt principally with issues of fair remuneration, a national minimum wage, improvement in working conditions, unions rights and development of the employees rights to consultation and information. There were three immediate effects (in the form of European Directives handed down by the European Commission) when the UK joined the treaty. The European Works Council Directive, Parental Leave Directive and the directive covering the burden of proof in Sex Discrimination cases. The only direc tive to have any direct impact on collective labour law was the European Works Council Directive.This was aimed at large multinational firms and ensured proper communication between employee representatives (such as shop stewards) and management. The Working Time Directive is one further outcome of the agreement to the Social Chapter. The basic rights and protections that the Regulations provide are a limit of an average of 48 hours a week which a worker can be required to work (though workers can choose to work more if they want to), a limit of an average of 8 hours work in 24 which night workers can be required to work, a right for night workers to receive free health assessments.a right to 11 hours rest a day, a right to a day off for each one week, a right to an in-work rest break if the working day is longer than six hours and a right to four weeks paid leave per year. As can be seen from the above legislation Labour has not acted according to their ideological heritage, prefe rring instead to develop greater support for market competition, deregulation and privatisation. The party more strongly believes in the Stakeholder Economy, Welfare to Work, Social Partnership and Fairness at Work (Salamon pg21) principals and schemes.Most of the legislation is concerned with individual rights at work and not at all with collective labour law or collective bargaining. To a certain degree Labour now has little control regarding employment legislation as it is handed down to the government by Europe. However, it was New Labours choice to sign the treaty and harmonise the United Kingdom with the other member states and so must accept and implement all directives that are issued. The effects of the previously mentioned legislation can be seen in the following figures.In 1999 trade union membership in the following unions was Transport and General Workers Union, 881625, the Amalgamated Engineering Union, 717874 and the General Municipal Boilermakers Union stood at 71201 0. Whilst the TGWU and GMBU show a spurn in membership (and so in the powers of collective bargaining), the comparison is in fact to 1990 when the Conservatives still had another five years in power, membership has actually slightly increased since 1997In 1999 trade union membership stood at a combined total of 7801315 employees, an increase from 1997 (when New Labour came to power) of 647315. The number of working days lost due to industrial action also dropped in 1999 to 266400 from 415000 in 1999, a drop of 148600 (all above figures from Salmon pg113). So as can be seen above the actions of both parties during their respective administrations have had a profound effect on collective labour law and collective bargaining, with the Tories having most impact.Labour is conspicuous in that it has done comparatively little to over turn the Tory instigated legislation. The actions of both parties can be explained by their ideologies, with Labours changing radically during the last decad e. Their approaches have differed in that the Conservatives stripped the unions (which are the primary partners in bargaining and negotiation) of the majority of their rights and were not concerned with how ruthlessly it was done.The individuals rights were improved, but only as a means of weakening union power and increasing the strength of big businesses and employers in accordance with Conservative thinking and strategy. The Tories refused to sign up to the Social Chapter as they believed that employment legislation should come from within the country that is to be affected by it and in joining would lose total legislative control. In contrast to this Labour have signed up to the Social Chapter and tried to make the employment situation better for employees as individuals.This is because according to the third Way which creates a perceived political and cultural ideology within which management, unions and employees have to work (Salmon pg 21) it would benefit both employers and employees. It can be seen from this that both parties have similar outcomes from their legislation (in so much as figures for union membership and days lost in industrial action have only improved in comparatively intermediate terms and figures) though each party has taken a different approach for differing reasons.BibliographyBooksFarnham, D. (1997) Employee Relations In Context London CIPDSalamon, M. (2000) Industrial relations possibility and Practice London, Prentice Hall (4th edition)Blyton, P. and Turnbull, P. (1998) The Dynamics of Employee Relations, Basingstoke Macmillan (2nd edition)Cully et al. (1999) Britain At Work, London RoutledgeIncomes Data Services Ltd (2000) Trade Unions Employment Law Handbook London IDSWebsiteshttp//www.cipd.co.ukhttp//www.dti.gov.ukhttp//www.libr.port.ac.ukhttp//www.labour.org.ukhttp//www.conservatives.comhttp//www.tuc.org.uk

Monopoly versus perfect markets Essay Example for Free

Monopoly versus unblemished grocery stores EssayThis paper investigates the cardinal extremes of market structures. A monopoly firm, and a firm which operates in a perfectly competitive market. We entrust comp atomic number 18 features, similarities, differences, advantages and disadvantages. The monopoly firm I collect chosen is Thames Water. This comp either is an accurate ideal, as its the sole supplier of the effort. The firm, is the industry. Thames Water render pissing finished concourses taps in and around London. Fyffe is my chosen firm in a perfectly competitive market. I think this is a good example. It sells bananas to supermarkets and food suppliers, who sell on to customers.The next two para interprets explain the features of perfect opposition, then a monopoly. The theory of perfect competition illustrates an extreme form of capitalism. (Sloman, 2007113) There argon more or less(prenominal) suppliers, who all just supply and produce a small fractio n of the total yield, of the whole industry. None of the firms engage any power over the market. (Mankiw, 2001) Barriers to doorway do not exist. Therefore firms spate lay and leave the market freely. Apart from the money and time it takes to set up the affair, on that point argon no other obstacles.Both producers and consumers dedicate perfect knowledge of the market. Therefore they both know tolls which should be paid, quality which should be met, availability of the product. Market opportunities for expansion, and entry opportunities in the industry as a whole. The price Fyffe must even out for their bananas will depend upon the demand and supply of the whole market, not just Fyffe personal demand. hence they have no power over prices. They must follow the market forces. (Sloman, 2007)Established firms in the banana industry have no advantage over firms who have newly entered the market.(Parkin, Powell, Matthews)This marrow they can sell all the products they can prod uce at the market price, but none at a price which is higher. (Sloman, 2007114) If Fyffe devise their selling price above p1, their demand will drop to 0, because if Fyffe raise the price of their bananas, consumers will just buy from another firm selling at the current market price. Illustrated in plat 2. (Beardshaw, 2001) All firms operational in the banana industry sell a homogenous product, all the firms in the industry sell an identical banana. The theory states there is not a great need for advertising or branding.(McConnell, 2008) I would agree with this statement in the scene of bananas. Advertising is not needed as people will not look for a specific brand of banana. They all taste the same. However I think a firm in a market selling shampoos and conditioners would need a certain amount of branding and advertising so people choose their product and gain customer loyalty. In the shampoo industry products are not as homogenous. A pure monopoly owns 100% of the industry. T hames water have a great deal of power, and are price makers, thus they set the price to how much they want to charge.If the consumer cannot, or doesnt want to pay the price, they have to go without the tap water. In the short run both perfect competition and monopolies can make economic profits, losses and supernormal profits. Only monopolies can manage to sustain super normal profits in the huge run. Persistant economic profits are called monopoly profits. (Dobson, 200599) Monopolies can sustain supernormal profits and abide safe and un impact by competition collect to barriers to entry. Supply to the industry does not maturation with new entrants. (Hunt, 1990). There are many types of barriers to entry.Thames water is cognise as a natural monopoly, meaning there are barriers to entry due to large economies of scale. (Sloman, 2007) Capital equipment is so expensive and large scale that only one sole supplier could manage to make a profit in the water industry. However Thames Water incurred low marginal costs formerly they are set up. If mediocre cost adverts as output increases over the entire range of market demand its a natural monopoly. (Dobson, 2006100) from each one would have a very high amount cost at a low output. (Begg, 2005134) Correspondingly Thames Water gain barriers to entry through disappoint costs.This is an artificial barrier. The firm is experienced in their field. Has good knowledge of their market, and will be able to gain the surmount rates of interest on finance, the trump out suppliers at the lowest costs, and lean methods of production. Other firms would struggle to compete. If a firm decided to set up and compete with Thames Water, and failed by going out of business there would be huge sunk costs. This occurs when high amounts are spent on capital expenditure, which cannot be used on another business venture. (Sloman, 2007) This is an example of fleet costs.It would be a huge loss to the firm, and would discourage f irms from entering the market. Thames water also have patents copywrite and licensing. The next two paragraphs explain the effect on demand for perfect competition, then a monopoly. For Fyffe the price charged for the bananas is equal to marginal gross. Average revenue and demand are also equal to price. If average cost dips infra average revenue the firm will urinate supernormal profits. If demand is above where marginal costs and marginal revenue abut the firms will be making normal profit. See diagram 2.Normal profits cover opportunity costs of the owners money and time. If Fyffe set output below equaliser marginal cost would surpass marginal revenue and profit would be lowered. If Fyffe raised output above equilibrium marginal costs would exceed marginal revenue and profits would also be lowered. See graph 1. (Dobson, 200599) The demand ignore is elastic for the banana industry, but not perfectly elastic. so why it slopes downwards in diagram 1. If there is a rise in pri ce for bananas, consumers will spend less on the product, and Fyffe will entail a fall in revenue.In business line if the price of bananas drop, consumers will buy more of the product, and providing the firm is covering their costs they will receive an increase in revenue, because bananas can be relatively easily substituted by another cheaper fruit. Furthermore bananas will sell for a cheaper price when they are in season, due to a big supply to the market in this period. Fyffe is perfectly elastic which is why their demand curve is horizontal. See graph 2. The firms prices are not affected by their output and their decisions do not affect the industry.(Ison, 2007) Firms must produce at equilibrium to maximise profits, which is where the market supply, meets the market demand, as illustrated in diagram 1. Short run assumes the number of firms in the industry does not increase, as there is not enough time. (Sloman 2007114) When a firm produces quantity and price, where marginal costs, and average costs meet they are breaking even. See diagram 2. (Begg, 2005) Consumers are charged a price which is equal to what it costs the firm to produce the wasted unit. See diagram 2.If the demand curve for bananas increases short term, the demand curve will shift to the right. See diagram 3. This results in a higher equilibrium and a higher selling price. As selling price has increased farmers will raise their output by increasing their variable costs such(prenominal) as labour and materials. This will result in a larger profit and profits are maximised. As illustrated in diagram 4. In contrast if the demand for bananas was to decrease, this would cause a shift to the left in the demand curve. See diagram 5. This results in a lower equilibrium for the industry, and a fall in the selling price.Consequently all firms in the industry including Fyffe would reduce output, by decreasing variable factors and the firm would suffer economic losses. As illustrated in diagram 6. (Dobson, 2005) If Fyffe or Thames Water are not covering their average total costs in the short run, they should carry on trading, but if they are not covering their short run average variable costs, it would be cheaper to temporarily close down. The theory is known as the short run supply decision. (Ison, 2007) In the long run any firm should close down if it is not covering its total average costs as it is loss making.Called the long run supply decision. (Begg, 2003) When demand increases and selling prices rise in the long term, existing firms are making supernormal profits. Several new firms will enter the market. The supply curve will shift to the right, and supply will increase, which will lower market price. As more new industries join firms reduce their output until they are making a normal profit again. Output of the whole industry will be larger now that more firms are in the market, and there is no motivator for firms to enter, or leave the market as breakeven profits a re being made.Referred to as the entry or exit price. When there is a decrease in demand, prices will fall, and firms will reduce output to minimise losses. Eventually due to losses some firms will leave the market which lessens supply and the supply curve will shift to the left. This raises prices due to restricted output, and farmers will start to make normal profits again. So there are less firms and less output in the industry. (Dobson, 2005) In the long run there are no fixed costs in any industry, as firms can change their plant size or machinery. Resulting in a long run supply curve which is flatter than the short run.(Begg, 2003) If all firms operate in the industry restricted supply together increasing demand and prices, new firms would enter the market which would increase supply and lower prices. (Begg, 2005) Thames water are price inelastic, and have a low income elasticity of demand, because there are no close substitutes for their product, and water is a essential ite m. However they are not perfectly inelastic, as a rise in price will still amount to a small drop in quantity demanded. This means Thames waters revenue will increase with a rise in price, and decrease with a fall in price.A profit maximise level of output is where marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost but rising up to the demand curve to obtain price. See diagram 9 (Sloman, 2007) The demand curve in diagram 9 represents the value of Thames water to customers, and the marginal curve shows the costs Thames water must pay. The marginal revenue curve must lie below the downward sloping demand curve as marginal revenue is less than price. The further the distance betwixt the demand curve on the right hand side and the marginal revenue on the left the more inelastic the demand, see diagram 9.(Dobson, 2005) ) A firm cannot produce to the right of marginal revenue as this part of the diagram is inelastic. In order for the monopolist to sell a larger amount, the price must be lowered on all previous units, so to prevent this the monopolist may restrict output to keep a larger revenue. Creating scarcity and raising the equilibrium price. (Begg, 2005) The excess of price over marginal costs shows the monopolies power (Dobson, 2005102) The power to raise prices by selling a littler amount of output. Diagrams 8, 9, and 10 show long run economic profits, normal profits and losses.Thames water will then check weather the profit exploit level of output covers their total costs in the long run and variable costs in the short run. (Begg, 2003) Thames water is not a shakable market due to the fact its a natural monopoly, and has very high barriers to entry. This means they can charge high prices and make supernormal profits, without the nemesis of competition and new entrants. (Sloman, 2007) Thames water may want to behave ethically when setting prices. If they choose too high a price which people cannot hand this could lead to poverty, but if they charge too low a p rice this could lead to a wastage of water.Monopolies often use price discrimination when setting prices. Although Thames water do not. better competition cannot use this method. Particular consumers are charged a higher price for an identical service so the monopoly can earn higher profits. (Ison, 2007) Revenue is not lost from previously sold units when price is reduced. More output can be sold ands firms can catch some of their consumer surpluses. See diagram 12. Surpluses are the difference between actual price paid and what consumers will have been willing to pay. So the business is treating the demand curve as the marginal revenue curve (Ison, 2007138) Only works when consumers cannot buy the product for a cheaper price and sell on to others. (Begg, 2005) A firm operating in perfect competition will achieve allocative efficiency. This exists when price is equal to marginal costs. Society is better off when resources are allocated to maximise the total surplus in the market. (Dobson, 200591) Productive efficiency will also be achieved, meaning Fyffe will produce and sell their output for the lowest price they can in the long run giving consumers the best possible value for money.Price equals minimum average total cost. (Dobson, 200592) This is good for consumers and society as consumers get the best possible value for money. (Sloman, 2007) Perfectly competitive markets are critised for having a lack of variety, unable to fully satisfy consumers wants and needs. Furthermore the long term entry and exit of firms can be a waste of certain resources such as empty buildings. This is called competitive forces in action. (Dobson, 2005) Monopolys are in a blot to give us a lower price if they decide to, due to economies of scale.The marginal cost curve is lower than the supply curve in their graph which means the firm can supply more output at a lower production cost. Supernormal profits can fund enquiry and development which will improve the quality of the product. Therefore the monopoly can innovate and introduce new products. (Ison, 2007) However some firms may not do this as they do not need to fight to stay in the industry, with no competition around. (Mankiw, 2001) Joseph Schumpeter said in theory monopolies have more ability and incentive to innovate which can make them better for society.If you imagine a whole industry was taken over by a monopolist, they could eliminate competition and charge very high prices, by reducing output level to which raises price. Supernormal profits represent a redistribution of income from consumer to producer which can be critised on comeliness grounds (Ison, 2007137) Monopoly firms have been known to engage in dirty tricks to protect themselves from competition. They do not produce an output which minimises average costs. Making them productively efficient. Perfect competition is lofty due to larger companies expanding, gaining economies of scale and market power.Resulting in other firms bein g forced of the business. So if economies of scale did not exist any industry could have perfect competition. (Dobson, 200694) Monopolies are also rare, and both are extremes of market structures. Most firms lie somewhere between the two. I think the two firms I picked are a fair comparism. They are both from a mixed economy. Thames water will have regulating agencies monitoring them. There are only 3 legal monopolies in Britain Thames Water included. In the past there was a significant amount of monopolies which were government owned.When Margaret Thatcher came into power she privitised these firms as she believed competition would lead to greater efficiency and lower prices which would benefit society as a whole. I agree with her decision and I think after researching, perfect competition appears to be the better option for consumers. Monopolys benefit society in certain situations such as retained profits ploughed back into research and development for medical reasons, and natur al monopolies who could not survive in a perfectly competitive industry. Monoplies and perfect competition are becoming more rare as time goes on and who knows what will happen in the future.